Meiosis and Genetic Diversity in Sordaria

INTRODUCTION Sordaria fimicola is an ascomecyete fungus studied for its product of myosis and mitosis that cast 8 monoploid spores. These spores are contained in a fruiting body called perithecia. Asci do up of spores are contained in this body. The perithecia are press in companionship to break dance identify the asci. Scordaria is a very beneficial organism to weigh brokertic transformation because it is maintaincapable in a lab, has a con life cycle, its asci are easily distinguishable under a microscope and it helps to determine meiosis. Sordaira is found in Evolution canyon.It is a place in Israel that is a natural setting to explore the relations of organisms and their environment. each side of the canyon is very different. One side is exposed to harsh conditions and much sunlight exposure while the other has to a greater extent than moderate conditions. The European toss of the canyon has dark time-worn landscape while the African side has a lighter brown lands cape. reduction division is a reduction subprogram that reduces diploid cubicles to haploid cells(2N1N). Meiosis I cause elementtic vicissitude to occur done the process of crossing everywhere and independent assortment. both haploid daughter cells are formed at the end of Meiosis I. Meiosis II then forms four haploid daughter cells. Every cell differs in its genetic material. Mitosis then creates 8 spores. These spores can affirm combinations of sunburn or gray to vicious such as 44, 242, and 2222. When the spores mature, they testament be released. Two haploid cells go away then unite through fertilization to form a diploid zygote. This lab will further our knowledge of meiosis and the benefits of genetic variation in Scordaria fimicola.Two types of fungi were used to show the effect of crossing over and independent assortment. The fungi combinations were created by placing two samples of bronze or gray type on an agar plate and two samples of wild type and allowing them to combine over two weeks. After this bill of time the perithecia are well enough developed and are able to be squashed. The spores show different color combinations due to the meeting of wild and mu common topazt type fungi. The mu sunburnt types will show light tan or gray color and the wild shows a dark spore.This will show us the combinations of spores created from meiosis and mitosis. It is expected that all three combinations of asci will be shown. It is expected that tan type will show more recombinant asci than the gray type. The purpose of this try is to show the distance between gene and centromere as well as the importance of sexual counterpart and genetic variation. METHODS Two agar plates were set up to allow the spore mutations to occur. Each plate was divided into four sections. Wild and tan or gray type Sordaria was placed in opposing sections of the plate.The plates were then left to overcompensate for two weeks. After the two weeks samples were taken from the plate and then squashed onto a microscope slide in order to burst the perithecia to view the asci. crossway frequencies were measures by counting the frequency patterns of asci within an ascus cluster. Map distances, which measures the distance from gene to centromere, were then calculated after asci fits were found. RESULTS The asci were sorted into individual, meeting, section, and were then combined into group data. Combined Course DataNon-recombinant Recombinant Total of Asci Total Recombinant Asci(B + C) absolute frequency of Recombinant Asci(B + C)/total asci) Frequency of emblem B Asci(B/total asci) Frequency of Type C Asci(C/total asci) Ratio B/C of Type A Asci(44) of Type B Asci(242) of Type C Asci(2222) Tan Spore change 5669 4301 3976 13946 8277 8277/13946 4301/13946 3976/13946 4301/3976 grizzly Spore Color 3012 2081 1973 7066 4054 2054/7066 2081/7066 1973/7066 2081/1973 Cross over frequencyType B (242) asci Type C(2222) asci Total Recombinant Tan Spore Color 30. 8% 28. 5% 59. 4% Gray Spore Color 29. 5% 27. 9% 57. 4% fording over Frequency = Recombinant asci/Total asci x 100 The results show that 59. 4% of tan spores and 57. 4% of gray spores experienced crossing over. 2% more tan spores were recombinant compared to gray spores. Mapping Distance Mapping distance = % hybrid over/2 Tan Spore 59. 4/2 = 29. 7 mu Gray Spore 57. 4/2 = 28. 7 mu The results mean that there was 29. 7 mu for tan and 28. mu for gray between the crossing over and the centromere. Taking results from such a large group of data makes for a more accurate result. The moving picture shows the achievable combination outcomes of sordaria. The first one shows no crossing over (44) and the next two show crossing over with results (2222 and 242). DISCUSSION This experiment helped us to better understand the importance of crossing over in sexual replica and also meiosis. The results showed that the Sordaria were more likely to cross over. With 59. 4% and 57. % recombinant, a volume of Sordaria show genetic independence. transmissible independence allows for Sordaria to survive, adapt, and continue reproducing. They produced different consequence due to meiosis and mitosis. The two percent difference could be possible due to the different spore strains and their optimal conditions. Within the experiment several errors could have occurred. One of the implications could have been the counting of the asci. When viewing them from a microscope it is very grueling to keep track of every single asci.Some could have been double counted or missed entirely. Another possible experiment would be to test a larger sample. Larger samples allows for more accurate results. A second experiment would be to test another organism that experiences the process meiosis and mitosis through asexual reproduction. A third experiment could carry out the very(prenominal) process but under different conditions to see if the results show the aforesaid(prenom inal) pattern. In conclusion, Sordaria fimicola showed the process of crossing over and meiosis.It displayed the importance of genetic variation for use of survival and adaption. REFERENCES Bio 110 Lab Activity Meiosis and Genetic Diversity in Sordaria, week of September 24th. Pennsylvania State University 2011. Volk, Thomas. Sordaria Fimicola, a Fungus Used in Genetics Tom Volks Fungus of the Month for March 2007. Sordaria Fimicola, a Fungus Used in Genetics Tom Volks Fungus of the Month for March 2007. University of Wisconsin, 2007. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. .