Groups that want to ban viloent moive, cd's,and games and how they Essay - 1

Groups that want to discard viloent moive, cds,and games and how they create antisocial behavior - Essay ExampleThe correlation between televised violence and aggressive behaviors among the youth has been backed up by a new Iowa State University study whose findings are that TV ads with uncivilised content have negative impacts on growing kids as they cause them to develop uncultivated thoughts and mannerisms ( report on Effects of TV Ad Violence). Many other experts and professionals have also arrived at the same conclusion that violent TV content encourages violent behaviors in growing children, as they accommodate emotionally unresponsive to depiction of violence and injury (Tompkins). In view of this negative implication on kids, it is imperative that measures are taken to protect children from violent TV content- effective monitoring of the content that kids vigil on TV is the solution to this problem.The danger that exposure to violence and violent TV content is way grea ter than imaginable, with far reaching implications on growing children, and sadly, many parents are unaware of the content watched by their kids on TV (Tompkins). Many of the kids exposed to such content become overly aggressive as to develop delinquent mannerisms, which are harmful to the order of society. Imagine the pains that can be inflicted by young kids who develop executionous tendencies from violent movies, such kids have a high likelihood of committing murder by practicing the violent acts seen in movies on their colleagues while at play. For instance, youth violence in the US has been on the rise, and according to the Department of Justice, over 2,500 juveniles were arrested for murder in the year 1997, and another 121,000 for other violent crimes (Majority Staff). This has been attributed to theviolence studded American media (Beresin), that stands at the rate of approximately 5 aggressive acts for every second within prime-time shows.Parents should be concerned with what content their kids are exposed to in the media (Science Daily), to avoid the negative

Film review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Film - Movie Review ExampleThe setting of a young girl growing up and, understanding the ideals of the society in which she lives appeals greatly. In fact, the juxtaposition of Marjis life with the reforms in Iran is ingenious. From the movie, one can get an insight into how the government affects the peoples individual life. The movie is in truth interesting to watch.The protagonist in the cinema is Marjane Satrapi. Marjis role revolves around portraying how revolutions based on a common course could turn sour. Marjis outspoken nature on the injustices under the impertinently formed Iranian government seeks to expose the Iranian people who live in oblivion. On the another(prenominal) hand, the minor characters are the Islamist fundamentalist and the communist groups. These minor characters shape the plot of the film and develop the study character, Marjane. The antagonizing stands taken by the two groups motivate Marjis reaction to the political ideologies of Iran.The most noti ceable technique in the film is the use of flashbacks. The use of flashback creates an educational purpose. This technique centers on Marjis life and her interaction with the Islamist fundamentalist leading to the current situation she is in. Through flashback, the viewer can pick up the personalities of the characters as they develop. Another technique is the use of a story within a story. The two major stories are Marjis life and the story of Irans revolution, intertwined to form a whole. Both stories complement each other.The film is based on Marjane Satrapis autobiography (2004), set during the same period as the Iranian revolution. found on the book, the movie covers all the major themes effectively. The film utilizes all the techniques used in the book to pass its message. In fact, application of flashbacks directly comes from the

Credit-Default Swaps and the Fate of AIG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Credit-Default trades and the Fate of AIG - Essay ExampleThe buyers of the credit mechanisms in most a cases argon investors and the process of purchasing bond from the trafficker are comparable to the purchasing an indemnity contract (Rottleb, 2009). The compensation done by the investor is characterized of it plagiaristic form that is always used as tradable security to the organization in question. The Naked credit heedlessness swaps are when an individual with no experience in dealing with CDS grease ones palms the CDS protecting if from declining because of the upheavals in the economic conditions of the country. Naked credits purchasers are individuals taking a bet of non-defrayment to be sold to be sold to an individual who is a need of protection against a mechanism default (Pe?rez, 2011). The importance of CDS can not be underrated. It gives investors a break though to predict the changes within a default mechanisms or market catalogues to take suitable decisions regard ing purchasing or selling CDS. An example is that an investor may profit to accrue proceeds from the excess of credit default swap from basis trade, since it combines unhomogeneous default mechanism with the cash bonds of an organization. The mechanism to a fault opens up opposite avenues for speculations. A saver is at liberty in laying promises to take charge of a bond by promising the seller that he or she is fully liable incase of eventuality of a drop of CDS. An example is when a company A has certainty that company B is going to decline. It purchases bonds of unknown worth from the company to resistance it against company C that was waiting to take over the assets of C on its fall. The CDS has the terms of its contract stipulated in the, in the The International Swap and Derivates operation. The terms entail the deadline for protection of an organization from declining. Secondly, the terms also spell out the computation mechanisms to apply in determining the effectiveness off administrative constituent used on the transactions. Lastly, the terms also spell out the structure of the credit event that bequeath lead to the payments of the cash used to insure an organization (Boberski, 2009). There are 2 forms of solvent for CDS associated with the settlement of the mechanisms are Physical or cash settlement. Physical Settlement and immediate payment Settlement Physical payment is the payment made by an investor to buys bonds to protect them from declining. The buyer investor pays the seller par value of the sold CDS. Cash settlement is the settlement the retailer pays the purchaser the variation par value of the CDS bought by a buyer or an investor. Synthetic Credit Default This is a debt that is taken with provision of security to acts as substantiative for the debt taken. The debt taken is invested in other channels like CDS. Synthetic swap are based on the risk individuals take. The cons of synthetic CDS far outweigh its pros thus it is not effic ient. Disadvantages of Synthetic Credit Default Swap The use of synthetic CDS is not effective, since it is not given similar of financial support like the other available money souks because a risk taken by an individual will not be paid completely, rather the payments will be made in portions. Secondly, it requires different views from the stakeholders to

An Enzyme Controlled Reaction-Catalase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An Enzyme Controlled Reaction-Catalase - Essay spokespersonl. Compute the value of O2 production (cm3/s). m. Plot a graph of concentration of heat content peroxide against rate of oxygen production. 5.0 Safety Measures Hydrogen peroxide in high concentrations (18-28 vol.) is irritating to the eye and the skin. The contaminants can fix decomposition leading to explosion after a while. Pressure can build up if reply containers are blocked. 6.0 Results This experiment has 1 breakaway variable, 1 dependent variable and 1 control variable. The independent variable is the various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, while the dependent variable is the rate of reaction in call of oxygen production. The control variable is the temperature of the room and standard pressure. put off 1 shows the average results of the oxygen produced in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Percentage of Hydrogen peroxide Average volume of oxygen collected (cm3) all over time (seconds) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 deoxycytidine monophosphate 48.3 68.7 78.3 82.0 85.0 86.7 87.0 87.3 87.7 88.3 88.3 88.3 90 37.3 55.0 63.7 68.3 71.0 72.3 73.0 73.3 73.3 73.3 73.3 73.3 80 32.3 47.3 54.0 59.0 61.3 63.0 63.3 63.7 63.7 63.7 63.7 63.7 70 26.3 40.0 45.7 48.3 49.0 49.3 49.3 49.3 49.3 49.3 49.3 49.3 60 20.7 31.7 36.7 40.0 42.7 44.0 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 50 16.3 27.0 31.0 33.3 35.3 36.3 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 Table 1 Average volume of oxygen collected Figure 2 reaction at 100% concentration of hydrogen peroxide Figure 3 reaction at 80% concentration of hydrogen peroxide Figure 3 reaction at 50% concentration of hydrogen peroxide 7.0 intervention To ensure that the process of measuring was completed, I ensured the room temperature remained constant and the equipment remained in the very(prenominal) conditions for all the tests. In some tests, the level of concentration... To ensure that the process of measuring was accurate, I ensured the room temperature remain ed constant and the equipment remained in the same conditions for all the tests. In some tests, the level of concentration of hydrogen peroxide was not very accurate due to some technical hitches, but the level of inaccuracy was not substantial enough to affect the findings and coda of the experiment. From the results, it appears that less oxygen was produced within the first 5 seconds because the concentration was low. This is because, at higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, in that location are more molecules of hydrogen peroxide leading to more collisions that stimulates more enzyme-substrate to be formed as the concentration decreased, this collision decelerated as evidenced by the graphs (Chelikani, Fita & Loewen, 2004). These results are exactly as it was expected. Catalase functions as catalyses in most living organisms, by decomposing hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water, as shown in the equation below.2H2O2 + Catalase 2H2O + O2Catalase significantly trims down the activation power required for the reaction. In absence of catalase, the breakdown would take a eight-day time to occur, and would not be able to support life. Since Hydrogen peroxide is a very hefty by-product of metabolism, if not decomposed very fast it can cause damage to body cells.

Social Marketing-Does the kindly reminder on the package of cigarette Research Proposal

tender Marketing-Does the kindly reminder on the package of tush fire affect the guest buying cigarette - Research Proposal Example7). There are eight principles of accessible marketing namely customer orientation, insight, segmentation, behavioural goals, exchange, competition, methods mix, and social marketing is theory based (Janssen et al., 2013). Stead et al (2007) found that social marketing flowerpot be used to develop an effective framework directed at interventions in behavioural change and can serve as a toolkit that can help organizations change health behaviors.One of the basic principles of social marketing is focus on the auditory modality. Marketing mix cannot be useful until each of its four Ps are designed with the preferences, attitudes, behaviors, and characteristics of the target audience in mind. An example of the significance of perspective of the audience during the intersection of environmental and cultural contexts is provided by Romer et al (2009) who have examined the mass medias contribution in a campaign for prevention of HIV in sexually active high-risk African American adolescents while addressing misconceptions regarding the use of contraception. The strategy of segmentation, like many marketing interventions, particularly addresses the social desires and norms of cultural subgroup. behavioral change interventions can be classified according to a plethora of frameworks, though none can be considered as conceptually coherent and comprehensive (Michie, Stralen, and West, 2011). For example, the UKs Institute of Governments MINDSPACE is a very influential report meant to serve as a checklist to guide policymakers with the most important behavioral influences (Institute for Government, 2010). MINDSPACE is the acronym that represents the initial letters of these influences i.e. messenger, incentives, norms, defaults, salience, priming, affect, commitment, and ego (Michie, Stralen, and West, 2011). However, all important types o f intervention are not

Improve Human Resources Practices in Abu Dhabi Government Entities Literature review

Improve Human Resources Practices in Abu Dhabi Government Entities - Literature review compositors caseSo, it becomes essential to have a set of HR rules and policies to implement it. There have been many activities undertaken by the Abu Dhabi government in HR practices to improve the efficiency of their work force. A workshop was organized by The Abu Dhabi Group for Best Practices in Human Resources Management in association with the Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce & intentness (ADCCI) recently. The workshop intended to present the best practices that cease be applied in performance management. A presentation was made on the recruitment system of the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Company (ADNEC) that highlighted the application smash of different recruitment methodology and the type of questionnaires used in recruitment and selection. The group was created to present a common forum for HR practitioners, specialists and also the workers related with training and development. The fo rum also included directors of charitable imaginativenesss of the local departments at the Abu Dhabi governments in order to help them exchange their expertise and identify the best practices in HR practices that can contribute to achieve the corporate visions of the Abu Dhabi governments (Abu Dhabi Group for Best Practices in HRM Organizes a shop on the Best Practices in Performance Management and Recruitment Systems, 2012). Another article on the kind-hearted resource practices in Abu Dhabi explained how HR theories helped to combine the economies in the Middle East which led to the process cognize as Emiratisation (Randeree, 2009). This article explained how the government in Abu Dhabi emphasized in the training and development programs including the women too. It stated that the Emiratisation outline has led the Abu Dhabi government to include the European style of training system like apprentice schemes, mandatory in house trainings and conducting local or regional traini ng events (Randeree, 2009). A seminar was conducted in Abu Dhabi by JCCP on human resource development programs. The seminar that was held for five days emphasized on the HRM techniques that were employed by a Japanese oil company (Customized Program on Human Resource Management (HRM) in capital of Kuwait (KNPC) and UAE (TAKREER), 2008, p.1). Such practices and developments in human resource activities will contribute significantly in completing the judge corporate vision 2030 of the Abu Dhabi government. Human resource system - traditional to modern outlook Human resource that was treated as an subjoined cost before is now emerging to be accepted as an addition for an organization. It was mostly regarded to be a support function in organizations, an extra cost that an organization can do away with. According to some definitions by the experts human resource is defined as a specific approach to execute proper employment management in order to achieve combative advantage by deploy ing an efficient and capable workforce. This can be achieved by integrating the cultural, structural and power techniques (Armstrong, 2006, p.31). Human capital represents the human aspect in an organization. It is the knowledge, skill and creativity of an individual that can add value and improve productivity in a firm (Armstrong, 2006, p.33). In recent times, a upstart aspect of human resource management has developed which is the strategic aspect. This includes human resource related decisions and facts piece framing the strategic decisions. It is known as strategic human resource ma

Strategic Management - Business & Management Essay

strategical Management - Business & Management - Essay ExampleThe phoner did not respond to the changing concern needs and continued to pay concentrated packages to its workers and coupled with low response to fashion changes, it has lost its customers confidence.JZ benny did not respond to the competitive edge that the new entrants like Spanish El Dorado and Scandinavian Helgar were employing. It remained unmoving in the fashion outsourcing even when its competitors changed to fast fashion model shops. While the competitors outsourced their fashions from Eastern Europe, JZ Benny preferably rushed to China and South East Asia which sold at low cost. Thinking this as a cost advantage over the rivals, it turned out to be a stock burden for the company since they had to buy in bulk and thence were left with indispensable stock at the end of the season. This was a miscalculated marketing strategy resulting from inefficient market analysis. The company failed to keep up with its co mpetitors who resulted to e-supply chain which enabled them to connect the customers with the designers hence placed in the market what the customer preferred. This ensured that they were always ahead of other retailers since they stocked what the customers liked.JZ Benny apothegm a management gap and responded by fishing Bob DSaster from competitor Helgar Fashions. As the chief executive officer of JZ Benny, DSaster was confident that cost cutting measures and investment in technology would turn the chain nearly to start making profit. Cost cut measures were implemented leading to layoff of about 20% of the staff and heavy investment in RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags to dish up in improving the Barcode Inventory Processing. However this did not help the company and the AGM dismissed DSaster and placed John Hammond as the CEO.As expressed by Courtney et al., 1997, the instance of JZ Benny is a management problem. The company has been under a management that does not recognized that

Overloading Trucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Overloading Trucks - Essay ExampleAlthough overloading might be seen as quite a customary and widely practices approach in any nation but it has certain adverse impacts which require to be discussed. The adverse impacts of overloading of trucks might result in occurring severe life risk accidents, negative impacts in the materials overload and unfavorable impacts on the fomites along with roads among others. In order to deal with this critical concern, government of both nation frames certain regulation, adherence of which is mandatory for the vehicles (NTEA, n.d.). In order to acquire a comprehensive sagacity about the aforesaid subject matter, the legislation and fair play of overloading trucks in New Zealand (NZ) and Saudi Arabia (KSA) has been elaborated in the following discussion.Overloading of vehicles is a serious offence in any part of the world. This aspect of transport law can also be seen in the legislation of New Zealand. Overloading is seen as a serious offence in New-Zealand owing to the fact that it has severe negative impacts on the vehicles, people and the goods carried among others. According to the Land merchant vessels Management Act 2003 in New Zealand, trucks and other vehicles should be aware of their liabilities and act accordingly. Furthermore, Land exile Act 1998 instructs that vehicles drivers should always ensure safety of the road, the vehicle and the people travelling in highways. Contextually, restrictions against overloading of trucks and other sober vehicles are highly crucial. According to section 43 of the Land Transport Act 1998, a soulfulness carrying a heavy motor vehicle (e.g. Truck) lead fall under the offence of infringement, if he/she is carrying the vehicle with goods in excess of the prescribed limit of weight for that particular vehicle. Furthermore, the law also signifies that the person will also be accused separately for overloading in each of the axle of the vehicles. Non-compliance of this section of the

Describe a person or event that has had a profound impact on you and Essay

Describe a person or event that has had a profound impact on you and the way you look at the world - Essay ExampleThe simultaneous attacks were the adversaries ploy to exhibit their competency boldly defying American sovereignty. Sandwiched between these warring nations are innocent lives that are needlessly lost. It was indeed a distressing incident that will forever be etched in the history of mankind.I am deeply moved by the sudden turn of events. The fateful event significantly changed my outlook in life. Its not just the United States of America that was involved in that tragic incident. I awakened to the cutting realization that we are presently living in a very harsh world and that we cannot ease up to be indifferent. As a youth and international student, I became aware of the responsibilities ahead of me. I retire very well that our generation is next in line in molding and shaping a better world. Amidst the incessant controversies, it is very crucial to observe and learn from the things that had ensued.Although disastrous and heartrending, the 9/11 chance brought forth present-day heroes. I admire the common people who have risked their lives in order to take over others. I am in awe of the courageous men and women who chose to lose their lives for the benefit of many.

Introduction to service marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

base to service marketing - Assignment ExampleThe study also highlights the benefits as well as shortcomings of al most(prenominal) of the modes of integrated marketing communication.The Indy essence is Queenslands premier sporting event which had an average attendance of about 297, 835 people. This event has generated over seven hundred jobs in several industries had has pumped more that fifty gazillion US dollars into the Australian economy. The importance of the event can be gauged from the fact that the Queensland government injected over ten million US dollars towards the promotion of the event which it right describes as an amount spent well.The Indy event is a four-spot day motor rally which is in the existence for about thirteen years. This event is also pop in the international markets and has over seven hundred acclaimed media persons from crossways the world who come from over 195 countries from across the globe. In 2002, the Indy event was placed in the Queensland Tourism Awards Hall of Fame for the third consecutive year.There are certain characteristics of services that makes a particular service brand unique and pragmatically difficult for managers to capture. The augment services offering model helps in identifying brand differentiation sources. (Ozment, 1994)This model states that as a charecteristic of most of the services there are three basic components which forms the managerial way of constituting the process. The three components are express below namely,The Indy event must be organised in such a away that it is amply accesible to people form all over the world. As the event is held in Queensland Austrailia hence it is properly accesible to some(prenominal) the guests as well as the racists who participate in the event.The event managers must also ensure that the consumer participates in the event both passively and actively in the event. The event organisor must ensure that guests are full satisfied and they promote the event (word of mouth communication) amongst their

Price Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Price Discrimination - Essay Example0 B C A D QuantityIn the above diagram the horizontal axis measures quantity in the vertical axis we measure nominal toll and proceeds expressed in wrong of money. KD is the peripheral utility arc. The price is given by OP. So E is the equilibrium point that obeys the two conditions (both inevitable and sufficient).Now we can logically explain why E is the equilibrium pointlet us consider that the consumer is consuming 0B amount. For 0Bth unit the consumer is willing to pay BL units of money but he actually of necessity to pay BG units. His willingness to pay is greater than his actual payment. So he will raise the employment and thus there will be a decline in the willingness to pay by the consumer. ultimately at point E the willingness to pay matches with the actual payments. The marginal utility curve is the demand curve as it depicts the demand price of the commodity at each corresponding level of consumption. On the otherwise exit at each level of price the equilibrium demand for the commodity by the consumer is primed(p) by the marginal utility curve. In the above diagram the descend willingness to pay is measured by summing up the willingness to pay at each level of q. Hence the total willingness to pay is given by the neighborhood of 0KEA and actual payment is P.q. 0A*0P= 0PEA. Hence the consumers surplus is given by the area of KEP.Mathematically we can cross-file C.S as We suppose that is the equilibrium level of consumption which is given by 0A in the figure. As we endure that then Hence consumers surplus can be expressed as The difference between total utility (willingness to pay in terms of money) and the total expenditure on the goods consumed. Graphically the...KD is the marginal utility curve. The price is given by OP. So E is the equilibrium point that obeys the two conditions (both necessary and sufficient).Let us consider that the consumer is consuming 0B amount. For 0Bth unit the consumer is willing to pay BL units of money but he actually needs to pay BG units. His willingness to pay is greater than his actual payment. So he will raise the consumption and consequently there will be a decline in the willingness to pay by the consumer. Finally at point E the willingness to pay matches with the actual payments.The marginal utility curve is the demand curve as it depicts the demand price of the commodity at each corresponding level of consumption. On the other hand at each level of price the equilibrium demand for the commodity by the consumer is determined by the marginal utility curve.In the above diagram the total willingness to pay is measured by summing up the willingness to pay at each level of q. Hence the total willingness to pay is given by the area of 0KEA and actual payment is P.q.The difference between total utility (willingness to pay in terms of money) and the total expenditure on the goods consumed. Graphically the portion below the demand curve and above the price line represents consumers surplus. (Sen, 2002)The first degree of price discr

THE GLOBAL TOURISM INDUSTRY Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

THE GLOBAL TOURISM INDUSTRY - Term Paper ExampleNot only has theodolite advanced but also the capacity of many people to buy cars due to more salaried holiday and passive income. This increase in consumers income was apparently a positive development for tourism. Moreover, the invention of the mesh and other computer technologies made the booking system easier (Sharpley 2006). For instance, the global distribution systems (GCDs) were recognised in the eighties as a computer reservation technology (Singh 2008). However, this advances in technology depressed the traditional trading operations of the travel and tourism industry as well as the importance of human travel agents. The benefits of these developments to the industry are hence relative to ones point of view.A general differentiation is commonly made between the different specialisations of tour operators first is mass-market or mainstream, and second is specialist or niche. Mass-market or mainstream tour operators, such a s My Travel, TUI UK, First Choice, etc., are those that create a substantial fraction of their receipts by selling a popular product such as the 4S product (sex, sand, sea, and sun) to a full(a) market segment. On the other hand, niche or specialist tour operators serve a littler market segment with frequently highly specialised products. In an effort to thrive in a highly competitive environment of tourism, tour operators, specifically small independent ones, are incessantly clear-cut for niche markets to develop.From the point of view of the customer, with less leisure time and more severe stress, services offered by tour operators are important for maximising valuable time. Moreover, the operator gains better transactions from the producers by father in bulk, which enables them to bid low prices for the whole produce and/or service, which are quite difficult to acquire by the individual customer. Due to these factors, price and time, the services of tour

Are suppliers important for ebusiness B2B solutions when developing Essay

Are suppliers important for ebusiness B2B solutions when developing - probe Exampleter infrastructures, standardised the internet, as such it entails processes that are associated to the buying as well as sell and trading of products, services and in sequence, (Gunasekaran et al., 2002). The ubiquitous nature of e-commerce has brought about substantial media hype in the Business-to- consumer (B2C) industry, which entails things like ordering goods, personal banking as well as share commerce which is also an ever-present phenomenon. Nonetheless, the applicability of electronic commerce for (B2B) dealings has been far and wide recognized as an area with primary(a) prospects for embody saving and upcoming proceeds production. B2B trading involves interaction with members of the supply base, i.e. for inbound acquirement, in combination with punters for contracts attached to their procurement bustle. In the modern commerce backdrop the adoption of electronic commerce is seemingly needed e-commerce has not just been conceived as a surrogate but rather an essential ingredient of doing business. To recognise optimum integration of the distributors range of mountains, as well promising electronic customer heraldic bearing management (e-CRM) it is important for information to stream faultlessly along the chain, Codling, S. (1996).Electronic commerce is a parasol expression that comprises practically all forms of electronic buying and exchange. The real meaning of electronic trading is buying, selling and promoting on the internet. Corporate worlds have been engaging in the B2B merchandise to a level where EC pervades elementary trading process and activities. The B2B infrastructure supports buying, selling, marketing and supporting of goods as well as services by businesses. Electronic infrastructures such as the intranets, extranets as well as the Internet support communications and proceeding between business associates. The development of B2B should be anc hored on a keen consideration of the imperatives of enhancing the supply chain performance in that value reaches the

Entry barriers of Underground construction industry in Russia Essay

Entry barriers of Underground construction diligence in Russia - Essay Example trade bodily structures that atomic number 18 likely to be found within an industry accommodate perfect competition, monopolistic competition, monopoly and oligopoly (Etro, 2009, p.273). enchantment these are the most common, others like oligopsony, monopsony and price discrimination (Etro, 2009, p.275) also exist. The defining variables to each of the listed market structure acts as the source of barriers to entry in the markets. These barriers, however, vary across the markets, with some markets having substantial barriers than others. Barriers to entry are simply defined as hindrances or factors that prevent firms from entering specific markets (Edgerton, 2008, p.107).Barrier levels as already mentioned vary from one market to another, with some markets being characterized by easy access, while others remain large(p) to enter. For instance, pure competitive markets are characterized by free entry and exit, while monopoly markets are substantially herculean to enter (Spulber, 2006, p.135-152). Sources of these barriers are diverse and dynamic over time. They are spread across cost of operation, grass loyalty by consumers, number of buyers and sellers, reaction of incumbent firms, government regulation and licencing (OECD, 2008, p.141-142).The Russian construction industry is one of the many industries in the economy that faces market entry barriers, prior to the different market structures limpid in the industry. Amid the aforementioned sources of entry barriers, Porters five forces are critical to account for. They include rivalry, threat of substitutes, buyer power, supplier power and entry barriers (Etro, 2009, p.303). These forces account for the markets trends and business undertakings that make one market hard to enter compared to other markets. Markets that are hard to enter enjoy market powers that allow the firms operational in it set prices that are in most cas es higher than competitive prices. The evaluation of entry barriers of Russian underground

Information and Communication Technologies (Icts) In University Essay

Information and Communication Technologies (Icts) In University - Essay ExampleThis essay stresses that traditional approaches that were initially used in education involved effective classes, actual lectures and the use of individually written notes as opposed to the softcopy notes currently available. Information and communication engine room has enhanced the educational discourse and learning process in the world in a takings of ways that the traditional approaches did not. This paper makes a conclusion that the change in educational pedagogy repayable to the introduction of information technology enabled approaches has created significant impacts and enhanced learning in universities across the globe. With the use of technology, university students set about today been granted a number of advantages that others did not eat several years ago. The traditional educational environment was not well suited to address the emerging and dynamic educational needs of the students and this affect the level of academic growth and maturity. Graduates who were previously exposed to the traditional pedagogic educational instruction at university level have continued to face challenges with the information technology enabled work environment. While traditional pedagogical methods educational approaches used printed books and publication for education purposes, the introduction of ICT has diversified sources of information for students. Tools such as e-learning, e-books and online journals have enabled students and lecturers to access information with ease.

Ethical Responsibilities of Corporations Enron’s Downfall Essay Example for Free

Ethical Responsibilities of Corporations Enrons Downf on the whole EssayEthical Responsibilities of Corporations Enrons DownfallIntroduction Enron, in the 1990s was a premium union that had the much-coveted global stature that ratiocination to comp whatever heads desire. It is considered the most innovative compevery in the United States of America. It was a change from the old industrial trend that separate old and rusty enterprises and industries were used to hard as enured(p)s, in the favor of the much softer e-commerce line of products world. The company was a premium employer in the USA and the world, employing over 20,000 staff by the time of farting into bankruptcy, in 2001 (NPR). The company dealt in natural gas, electricity, pulp and paper and communication. A year before closure, the company was valued at $111 billion and had held the title-for six years running-of the most innovative company in America. However, this valuation respect was based on falsehoo d. The company was discovered to gull been operating a scandalous be fraud, orchestrated by systematic, institutionalized and creativity. Ironically, as it was named the most innovative company, which might fool been true, but not in the upright way that it was perceived to be. This was but in underhand deals that its employees and management had mastered. What culminated into the Enron Scandal has since set out a frequently referred to a case of willful corruption and corporate fraud. Companies and corporations, under the federal law, have a duty to their employees, consumers, the government and the environment in which they operate. To the government, corporations are suppositious to ensure tax shape and safety of production to citizens and environment. The firms and companies have a duty to protect their employees and provide safe work environment conditions for them so that all employees are always treated equitably and satisfactorily. Consumers have a right to sin sli ght information regarding the products they purchase. The information is to provide at free will and is to guarantee consumer safety. In Line with that accountability as stated in the paragraph above, Enron management failed to safeguard their employees future and livelihoods in case their cockle burst. At the time Enron went bankrupt, Thousands of employees it had in its baskets were plunged into joblessness suddenly. This scandal involved even top government officials who were then make outholders. In the light of them knowing that Enron engaged in malpractices-they still were happy to pull in ones horns home the hefty dividends they got from the telephone line market gains.The Times Magazine talks about the top executives who enjoyed lots of privileges that even top CEOs envied. For example, Kenneth Lay, the creator Enron Chairman is said to have received a golden parachute worth $25 zillion and about $200 million in salaries since 1999 to its point of fall. Despite all that, he also enjoyed the rag to about $7.5 million revolving credit line from Enron (Roston, 2002). Others who enjoyed much(prenominal) benefits include Jeffrey Skilling (former C.E.O), Duncan David ( motive Anderson Partner), Nancy Temple (Anderson Lawyer), Thomas White (Secretary of the Army), and Sherron Watkins ( Former Enron Vice President).The government through the law has set up different commissions to ensure that these obligations are punctually followed (example of one is the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)). FTC is charged with taking complaints about false business promises that change by reversal out fraudulent, or cause harmful side effects to the consumers and forwarding them to investigation agencies for further act (Federal Trade Commission, 2014). In the past, the things that brought down companies were far from cleverly crafted schemes such as what took place at Enron. The action on the stock exchange while on a negative financial record and receiving be lievably more than their fair share of investments. Among other key ethical issues that had arisen in the past included racial profiling, product safety concerns, employee rights infringement and even environmental degradation. There have been lists each year of companies that should be shunned for disregard of ethics. For the past few years, companies such as ExxonMobil, Apple, Toyota, Trafigura, and recently Wal-Mart and Nestle had made headlines for breaking the crucial ethical rules. The Federal Employees Compensation Act (FECA), establishes mechanisms for compensation of employees who are injured, or get any indemnity in the line of duty (Office of the Secretary, 2014). In the case where an employee was hit by a truck and move off without compensation, is very inhumane act of the companys executives. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is set to be the benchmark for equitable pay distribution to all American employees. It provides guidelines for employment and wages to b e paid to employees who are not exempted from work. Conditions have been set for certain jobs and age restrictions. These jade laws, for example, require that busy groups of raft not work at certain times, and in particular professions, citing dangerous operations (Office of the Secretary, 2014). If the labor laws are followed to the letter, no employee will complain about unsatisfactory pay, as the minimum wage is set with all employees in mind and ensures a comfortable life away from welfare. Kirk O. Hanson, a university professor at the University of Santa Clara, explains the ethical responsibilities of a corporate board. He lists five all-important(prenominal) points that are to be keenly upheld by any board of directors in golf-club to ensure satisfaction from all quarters. Among other key assignments on a board, one of them is to understand the companys ethical culture. Most board members are less involved with the day to day activities of their businesses, and to get f eedback from employees, they rely on pro forma reports and complaint letters. It is their responsibility to suss out the validity of the reports and come up with disciplinary measures if need be (Hanson, 2014). Business fair lend is an important aspect of ensuring healthy and profitable competition among business people. Such a supposition that they respect someone rights of association and expression and yet reject the idea of unionization is ridiculous. Under sections 7 and 8 of the subject Labor Relations Act of the Federal constitution, employees are granted rights to make a join and take part in labor union activities. This is without any intimidation from employers, or punishments of any winning. All employees have a right to read, distribute and discuss matters of union membership during hours away from work. They are free to share the information with whomsoever they please. Once they decide on a group plan for whatever union, they have a right to ask their employer to recognize the specific union, bargain and complete any relevant requirements by the term and condition. The employees have a right to display Union messages in whatsoever manner they please be it caps, pins, T-shirts or whatever else available on the job or away from work.Company executives are not supposed to profile any employees by forcible transfer, denial of benefits, pay rise or desirable assignments in effort to thwart employees quest to join or form a union. They are not to be harassed, threatened or dismissed from work if they support any union (Lisa Guerin, 2014). All in all, we do need quick solutions to problems such as these. It is not just an issue for the employees alone because it affects all American citizens, and per the house committee on education report. General Electric, a company that was founded by Thomas Edison, has on many occasions received accused on several occasions of trying to monopolize the inventions by him. It is the current military contrac tor for war machinery. However, they have once been reported for facilitating the development of nuclear weapons. atomic weapons have pertinacious since been banned and are regulated by the international bodies. The purpose of such an working class should be investigated, and due punishment administered. The American public should check indicators of unethical codes of conduct and shun such businesses. It will be a significant boost in fighting such a wrong-doing as it will prevent oppression of fellow citizens. If people followed such a trend, companies such as this would lack a ready market and might be forced to change the practices or close shop. All firms that are established in corporate agreements uphold certain fundamental duties. In order to solve this massive crisis of ethics, law should be passed forcing private sectors to publish their financial reports in detail in the public dailies. The public should be trained to watch for companies that uphold employee right s and safety. These statements should be audited by government agencies for any lies. If the reports are found to be untrue, government should snatch such operators their licenses. Companies and corporations that evade taxation of any kind should be imposed with huge fines. In order to shun such practices, and in extension, be disallow from operating for a particular period of time and board members is investigated. If any allegations of misconduct are proven right, all board members should be forced to resign and take responsibility for their ineptness. Enron was a culprit in this category, avoiding any financial obligation it would have to offset to the government or anyone, provided that it was able to cover its tracks well. On an opinion proposed from the Financial Times magazine, the graph of performance shows that the downfall was carefully planned. It seemed that most of the top echelons had persistent planned the exit, but it did not happen in the most expected way. Th e stock price came crashing in a year, from a cost of about $80 in January, the year 2001 to a tumbling null by January in the year 2002. In the Film Enron The Smartest Guys in the elbow room (Gibney, 2005), as based on the uniform name written by Bethany McLean, the Enron Disaster is the greatest disaster any company has witnessed in the whole of history. A crash in a year with more than seven corporate move away from the mess with over 1 Billion US dollars. Investors and employees went down flat without any land gear. This kind of corporate ethics gap left more Americans depending on the public for necessary handouts and relying on other meager means to survive. The Drama resembles a Greek tragedy and a show of the domino effect that could shape the face of the American ethical code and ultimately the economy for a long time into the future.Kenneth Lay, the companys chief who had saved ib once before in the 80s and later taken over as C.E.O wielded so much influence In bo th the business and political circles. in all probability out of the campaigns he had funded for the presidency among other legislative dockets. In the Business circles, he was an enviable C.E.O, who was a lot untouchable. But in the wake of the ethical backlash, all these attributes could not save his company from sinking to the bottom of the sea that is failed companies. Ethics is more than just producing unplayful products, supporting community initiatives and giving good salaries. Companies with a sound ethical background will go to extents to ensure consumer safety, business fair play and ensuring that employees who served diligently go home safe to retirement. Even after retiring, they will be entitled to the same happiness they had while working for the same company, and health. All corporations that breach conduct on ethics should be nationalized in order to safeguard the interests of the public. Its owners should then be duly compensated and never allowed to start a ny other business within the country. Such a law will instill fear and management among those who have a penchant for breaking the law. Consumers and the government need to be careful about safeguarding the economic environments. Since any turmoil could lead to financial turmoil like it did with the instability of some few stupendous companies in the early 2000s that lead to the 2007-2009 global financial crunch. The government can help by shut off all loopholes that could allow any forms of corruption while the consumers could channel their money to the right businesses. If we all stopped buying brands that do not have its people at heart, all companies and many other manufacturers would forcefully comply duly with laws of labor, taxation, and biosafety. We will have a better world where many Americans and people around the world can eat by their sweat, as opposed to having jobs but still relying on welfare for upkeep.ReferencesFederal Trade Commission. (2014). Bureau of Co nsumer Protection. Retrieved December 06, 2014, from Federal Trade Commission http//www.ftc.gov/about-ftc/bureaus-offices/bureau-consumer-protectionGibney, A. (Director). (2005). Enron The Smartest Guys in the Room Motion Picture.Hanson, K. O. (2014, August 14). Business Ethics in the News. Retrieved Dec 06, 2014, from Santa Clara University http//www.scu.edu/ethics-center/ethicsblog/business-ethics- intelligence service.cfmLisa Guerin, J. (2014). The Right to Unionize. Retrieved December 06, 2014, from NOLO For all http//www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/free-books/employee-rights-book/chapter15-7.htmlNPR. (n.d.). The Fall of Enron. Retrieved Feb 4, 2015, from http//www.npr.org/news/specials/enron/Office of the Secretary. (2014). Summary of the Major Laws of the Department of Labor. Retrieved December 06, 2014, from United States Department of Labor http//www.dol.gov/opa/aboutdol/lawsprog.htmRoston, E. (2002, Jan 22). The Enron Players. Time . base document

Effects of Christianity on Behaviour, Attitude and Lifestyle Essay Example for Free

Effects of Christianity on Behaviour, Attitude and Lifestyle Essay in that location could be no such(prenominal) things as prison house in a rightfully Christian conjunction.I think a truly Christian society is based on the life and teaching of rescuer, this means we must follow the 10 commandments and the gospel values. At the heart of Christian society there should be existence of love, forgiveness, mercy, justice to criminals. Jesus command was to Love your God, Love your neighbour and Love yourself. By obeying these commandments we are being Christ-like which is what the Christian society is all about. Forgiveness does non mean letting tribe walk all over you save it is important. Christianity follows Jesus teaching in stressing that forgiveness is vital. It may be very hard, particularly for the victim of a crime. The Prodigal Son was a parable that showed forgiveness.The prison is the means to deliver the punishment, the denial of freedom. The convicted are engrossed as a punishment, not for punishment. Her Majestys Prison Service serves the public by keeping in manacles those committed by the courts. Our duty is to look after them with humanity and help them lead law immutable and reclaimable lives in custody and after release. HM Prisons Services Mission Statement 1988.Three principles in prison craftSecurity- to hold securely those sent to prison.Humanity- to treat prisoners with humanity, prisoners unload their liberty theyshould not lose their humanity. They are still human beings withthe rights that their nature awards them.Assistance- to help make prisoners law abiding and give them useful lives.Prison after part exist in a truly Christian society but not always, poor prison conditions do not lead to revitalize, they only serve to make prisoners worse. To become break up passel they need first and foremost their dignity, remember Jesus command to love self, this means having a good self-esteem.Prisoners have a right to feel safe, the opposite happened in Fletham Young Offenders Institution. March 2000, 19 year old Zahid Mubarek was beaten to death by his cellmate, Robert Stewart had a history of racist and violent behaviour. This proof does not allow for fostering self-esteem or provide opportunities to rehabilitate.For prison to uphold Christian principles the reform of the offender is of paramount importance. Practical measures such as education, drink and drug therapy and counseling are required. There is evidence that education effects personal change in prisoners, not only through the encyclopedism of practical skills and knowledge, but also through fostering self-esteem and skills in communication.Mike Hart, Category A prisoner, killed a 20 year olds woman in an armed robbery. Whole in prison he become a born again Christian, and has worked on projects while inside to help young people be aware of what prison is really like in an attempt to turn young people away from the life of crime or potential crime. One such project, Better Out than In was a drama presentation re. The image of prisoners and prisons, depicting the harsh reality. How effective his work been, very arduous to assess but anecdotal evidence suggests that it is.There could and couldnt be such things as prison in a truly Christian society, it depends on the type of prison and what happens in the prison as to whether prison has a place in a truly Christian society. For prisons to co-exist in a truly Christian society they need to have therapeutic regime employed to rehabilitate the offender rather than retaliatory one. Not many people can uphold the mission statement, so it needs to be looked at and improved in order to fit into a Christian society. If we look ahead Christians today can also help reform prisoners like the Howard Penal League, where prisoners where able to reform by their help. During the 19th cytosine Elizabeth Fry Quaker who was a Christian went to prison to help rehabilitate criminals.

In What Ways Do Atticus Finch and Robert Ewell Differ and What Do They Have in Common Essay Example for Free

In What Ways Do genus Atticus Finch and Robert Ewell Differ and What Do They Have in Common EssayAtticus Finch and Robert Ewell ar deuce very different characters, exclusively are similar in some ways. They both jazz in Maycomb, Alabama, merely are respected differently in their communities as Atticus is seen as a fearless and courageous man, while Robert Ewell is seen as a drunken coward. Atticus lives on the main residential pathway in town, and Robert Ewell lives in what was once a negro confine, but it is falling apart.The cabins plank walls were supple handsted with sheets of corrugated iron, its roof shingled with tin cans hammered flat, so only its general abidance suggested its original design square, with four tiny rooms opening on to a shotgun residency uneasily upon four irregular lumps of limest star. The Ewells scavenge a lot in the county dump they live behind to find bits and pieces for their house. Atticus Finch is a lawyer and has fought some(prenomi nal) battles in the court room, and has mostly won them. He is one of a handful of members in his community who can see the inequality and racialism towards black plenty.Robert Ewell doesnt have a job, and lives off county cheques, but spends them on green bottle whisky. He doesnt eve make an effort to try and provide for his family, and is also prejudice and racist. The mens jobs, or lack of them, reflect their social status in Maycomb. The Ewells have lived and behaved in this manner for generations, while the Finches have been successful. Both the men have lost their wives, so have single-handedly raised their children. Atticus sets a good example, and plays with them, reads to them and treats them with courteous detachment.Atticus also has a wetnurse called Calpurnia, who treats the children like shes their mother, not their maid, unlike other maids who favour and are n ever so exigent with children. She has been with the family since Jeremy was born. His children are alway s well kept and polite, and have many friends at school. In contrast, Robert Ewells children are dirty, rude and disease ridden. They all attend school on the first day of every term, but always get sent home for having lice, or being extremely rude to the teacher and associate classmates.Robert Ewell neglects his children, and it has now become clear that he abuses them, when it is proven that Tom Robinson didnt harm Mayella Ewell. Nobody is ever sure how many children there are, as there are always several dirty childrens faces peering out the window. By Harper Lee describing how poor and unfortunate the children are, where they live, and how they behave, shows how neglected they are by their father and the community, and how poverty can seriously affect a family.When the case is first spoken about, spate automatically favour Mayella Ewell, due to racism and prejudice, and are rude to Atticus for representing Tom Robinson. He gets called many names such as nigger-lover, and his children also get a hard time at school, but Atticus continues to defend Tom and ignores the rude remarks and names. By doing so, he still gets basic respect from the people of Maycomb, and still presents himself in a courteous manner. In the trials, he is fair to every person he defends, and always tries his best to make the board believe that they are not guilty.He also abides by the law, making sure his children attend school hes not racist and wanting Jem to peach about the incident where Robert Ewell is murdered, in court. Meanwhile, Robert Ewell is a law breaker, and gets away with it. He lets his children truant from school, and goes out hunting, even though it is illegal in Maycomb. He lies a lot too, like in court he makes up which side Mayella was beat up on, and denies doing it himself. His language in the courtroom is also very bad, as he uses slang and behaves in an uncourteous manner, and his appearance is scruffy, and he doesnt make an effort to be smart.On the othe r hand, Atticus looks smart and speaks properly, making sure what he says is true and says it in a smart way, so it means one thing, but implies something else. This is how he proves Tom Robinsons innocence to the spectators, even though the jury think hes guilty. At the end of the book, Atticus decides to break the law on one occasion, and go along with Heck Tates version of the event, as he doesnt want Jem growing up being told he was let off innocent, as his dads a lawyer.It was also easier, as Tom Robinson was dead for no reason, because of Robert Ewell, so it was fair to let the dead bury the dead. With Atticus being a polite, fair, hardworking and a responsible man, he and Robert Ewell are nothing alike. However, neither give out into their communities perfectly, but none of them are normal. So, with their being some credible similarities, Robert Ewell is a rude drunk and Atticus is courageous, so therefore Harper Lee has portrayed them to be two different alone characters.

Why I want to be a Nurse Essay Example for Free

Why I want to be a Nurse EssayI heard the familiar sound of the lie door closing gently. My beat was returning from domesticate as a barber. Although he begins his day at 500 a.m. every sunup, he usually returns at around 700 p.m. I never truly questioned his schedule when I was a child, but as I entered high school I wondered how my dada could give out so hard every day of the week and still enjoy what he does. The uncertainties of barbering be so great and so challenging. It never ceases to amaze me when my become wakes up every morning to galvanize work, that he does so with gusto. The life of a barber can be laborious and stressful, yet my father continues to do his work with passionate enthusiasm. His dedication and pride mystified me throughout high school. Only after(prenominal) I entered college in my easy 20s, did I start to understand how he could persevere and face the challenges of raising a family and running his business.I entered college like a small child wandering through a park. Never in my life had I been exposed to anything so grandiose and dominating. Born and raised in a rural town, I wasnt ready for the fast-paced life and crowds. I eventually grew into its lifestyle and erudite to adapt to my new environment. I found my communication class, in which we discussed major issues in health care, especially interesting. The nanny-goats dilemma particularly intrigued me Doing everything to provide the best health care possible, but constrained by express mail resources when the funds just are not available.These frustrating situations place a huge strain on nurses, and yet they persevere and continue to work long hours in hospitals, and clinics providing the best care they can. While good aware of the long hours a nurse must work and the challenges he or she faces, I am choosing medicine because of the unique satisfaction it provides the rewards of helping a sick human being. As I count about a nurses life, I also think o f the many times I restrain watched my father sit silently at the dinner table, deep in thought, contemplating his options when his business was not bringing in enough income and the bills continue to arrive. I didnt hear him complain I only heard him leave former(a) in the morning and come home late in the evening to make sure that we had everything he did not as a child growingup.I also saw determination and persistency in my mother and father to never give up but to keep on onerous to the achieve a higher goal. They both came from very large and poor families and were determined to not have me grow up without an education. I will harness that determination in my life and my quest to put one over my degree in nursing. They showed me what it means to really enjoy a career. I can have that uniform enjoyment through nursing the said(prenominal) type of enjoyment my Parents had from tending to their jobs, and businesses.Becoming a nurse is a goal aspired to by many. As a barbers son, I have wakened early and returned home late from long days with my father. I have been able to experience uncertainties, challenges, and plain old hard work similar to that faced by nurses. But like the doctors in the hospitals and my parents in their work, I can distinguish happiness and satisfaction in helping people through medicine. Despite all the hardship nurses face, I want to help people every day. Nursing is something worth stress and long hours. I in the long run understand my father. I now know how he can wake up every morning at 500 a.m. and work hard until 700 p.m. and now I will do the same for my family. I will heavily stress the importance of a college degree and a good work ethic.I feel that this is the reason more and more Hispanics are earning their college degrees they dont want the hardships of their past generations to be hardened on their children.

Martin Luther on Marriage Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther on Marriage EssayMartin Luther clearly states that in the beginning, God created male and female, blessed them, and told them to be fruitful and multiply . According to Martin Luther, in order for this code to be fulfilled, small-arm and woman must come together in pairing as husband and wife. It is non within the powers of a man or a woman, according to Martin Luther, to be the way he/she is or to live without a attendant . Luther states that brotherhood is not a subject of cease choice, exactly rather a natural and important thing. The economy, to be fruitful and multiply, is godly and not within the powers of man to obstruct or disregard.Man and woman ar created by God for the sole purpose of multiplying, and whoever tries to protest this, lives in sin . Martin Luther and states that there ar people who are exempted from pairing the eunuchs . He states that unless hotshot is a eunuch, he/she should not presume to be without a partner callable to the item that it is grievous for one to remain righteous. He believes that wedding is something instituted by God and that all vows are invalid in advance Him, with the exception of any person who is a eunuch .He urges all those who have taken vows to reckon their innate companionship and get into marriage, because they are acting contrary to the will of God. Martin Luther rejects all the reasons set by the pope in his acheard law for bringing a marriage to an end or preventing it altogether. Martin Luther believes that marriage is not all about bills as set by the papal authority. According to Luther, a person should not enter into marriage with her mother, sister, step-mother, step-sister, grand daughter, or aunt regardless of whether he has money or not .Martin Luther however states that one can enter into marriage with her brothers daughter. He believes that a man should take a wife as he pleases, regardless of whether he is the apparitional father, godchild, or whether the lady is a sister or a daughter of his spiritual sponsor or not. Martin Luther believes that an adopted child is free to marry the son or the daughter of its adoptive parent due to the fact that they have no blood relationship . He also asserts that everybody is free to get into marriage with whomever he/she pleases regardless of the religious or ethnic background of such a person.He believes that everyone is a Gods creation and should enter into marriage with whomever he/she likes. According to Martin Luther, no sin or crime should be a barrier to marriage. He argues that sins should be punished with other penalties, rather than moody marriage. Martin Luther also states that after the death of a spouse to be, a man or woman is free to marry any of the relative of the dead partner except for mother or daughter . Martin Luther claims that marriage as a result of coercion is not valid onwards the eyes of God.He however states that a man, who is in marriage as a result of coercio n, should not leave her wife . He also states that if a man takes more than two girls to be his wives, without the consent of her parents, then(prenominal) his father should shape which of the girls is to remain as a wife. He believes that parental authority must be respected before any one enters into secret engagement. Martin Luther states that marriages are not hypothetical to be broken without a lowering cause . He states that the only logical reasons for dissolving a marriage are adultery and forged spouse for marriage.Basing his arguments on the New Testament, Martin Luther makes it clear that no one should put asunder what God has coupled together. According to Martin Luther, every party in marriage is supposed to fulfill the conjugal rights of the other. Basing his argument on the teachings of St Paul, he stresses that no man or woman has authority over his/her own body, but his/her partner does. Luther asserts that a divorce may be sought if one of the parties does not satisfy the conjugal rights of the other. He continues to say that if a couple obtains a divorce, they should remain as such unless they are reconciled .The contemporaneous church building, from this discussion, should realize that the farming of marriage has fallen into an extremely awful disgrace as Martin Luther asserts. It is high sentence the church realized that a woman is not an evil being. Women are Gods creation, and subjecting them to offensive activity is blaspheming the work of God . Martin Luther states that in order that the church may carry on in light, concerning the yield of marriage, it should first hold that man and woman are the work of God, which should not be subjected to criticism .Basing his stand on the Old Testament, Martin Luther states that God knows what is good for everyone of us. It is high time therefore that the modern church leadership realized that God is the initiator of marriage. According to Martin Luther, God saw it was not good for man to be alone, and he created for him a companion . Modern churches, in addition to church congregations, should learn that they have no right in deterring children from marriage alluring them to nunnery and priesthood, citing the tribulations of a unite life .Martin Luther states that all those who criticize or censure marriage are acting contrary to the will of God. The church, based on that fact, should be on the look out for publications which criticize marriage. Luther is greatly embittered by those who term marriage as brief wallow and long-lasting bitterness. He states that to recognize the estate of marriage is something quite different from merely being married . The church should learn that those who do not make out the estate of marriage can in no way continue in marriage without resentment and anguish.But, on the other hand, those who recognize the estate of marriage obtain unending pleasure, joy and delight. Basing his arguments on the teachings of St Paul, he says that those who marry are not exempted from earthlike problems, but continues to say that their spiritual delight greatly exceed their outward bitterness. The church, according to Martin Luther, should learn that no one can generate real happiness in marriage without recognizing that marriage is pleasing to God. The church should learn greatly from Martin Luthers assertion that he who refuses to marry will fall into sins .This is due to the fact that God created both man and woman for purposes of reproduction and multiplication. He claims that if this reproduction happens not in marriage, then it is bound to happen in covert sins and fornication . Luther claims that it is high time the church stopped put marriage so far below virginity. Luther claims that no estate should be taken as get out than the estate of marriage in the sight of God . He states that those who fail to marry claiming that they are not able to support their marriage display a lack of faith in God. Yet, God has do it clear that out of our sweat shall we eat.The church should also learn that those who fail to marry out of celibacy, their vows are invalid before God unless they fall under the kinsperson of eunuchs. The Church should learn, as Luther claims, that these people are bound to commit sins due to the fact that no one has the capability of resisting Gods ordinance within him/her. The church should also learn, as Luther makes it clear, not to take money as solution to exact marriage issues. Luther states that one may marry whomever he/she likes, except for a blood relative or parents to his/her spouse, without setting up any cash for the privilege .It can therefore be concluded that marriage is a good thing, for humankind, ordained from God. It is advisable for one to marry unless he falls under the category of eunuchs lest he fall into sins. The church should not set up conditions to determine the way marriage is supposed to be handled. Money and wealth should not be a factor to consi der when getting into marriage. Bibliography Luther, Martin. The demesne of Marriage, 1522, viewed on May 19, 2010 from http//www. warwick. ac. uk/fac/arts/History/teaching/protref/women/WR0913. htm

Biology What Are Your Career Goals and How Do Your Immediate Educational Plans Fit Into Them Essay Example for Free

Biology What Are Your Career Goals and How Do Your Immediate Educational Plans Fit Into Them Essaybiomedical ScienceBiomedical Science is the application of biota based science for medical use. It will allow you to learn the human body at the alone body, organ, tissue, cell and sub cellular level. You will also learn how these systems can go wrong in various diseases and how accurate diagnosis can be made using a variety of science laboratory tests. Biomedical Science is a continually changing, dynamic profession with long-term career prospect including research, counselling and study.Biomedical ScientistBiomedical Scientist learns scientific and personal skills and gain qualification that can be transferred all everyplace the world and can be recognised globally. BTEC HND Biomedical Science graduates may apply for the associate social station of the Institute of Biomedical Science in the UK after obtaining 5 years of relevant work experience.Careersinfirmary laboratory b iomedical scientist Industrial laboratory bio-scientist Bio-science research Medicine or Dentistry (after acceptance in medical school and further training) Science teachingTransfer OpportunitiesStudents, who successfully complete HND in Biomedical Science, can transfer to Northumbria University Biomedical Science Degree which is accredited by the Institute for Biomedical Sciences (IBMS). It provides the education and training required to become a Registered Biomedical Scientist.awarded byBTEC Higher National Diploma (HND)BTEC HND in Biomedical Science is a 16 unit higher level qualification which is awarded by Edexcel UK. programme StructureUnit 01 Unit 02 Unit 03 Unit 04 Unit 05 Unit 06 Unit 07 Unit 08 cadre Biology Biochemistry Human Physiology Laboratory Techniques Medical Microbiology Project Analysis of Scientific Information and Data reference Assurance Quality Control Unit 09 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Histology and Haematology continues

European football vs American football Essay Example for Free

European foot orchis post back up vs American foot freak game Essay football lame = foot + ball. How could a word so simple be so am plumpinguous? One could simply imagine the word football to mean usage of the feet to maneuver some sort of ball. And this is true, in single type of football European football. Football played all over Europe involves people literally iron boot a ball with their feet into a net. But when referring to football in America, the plot of land has nothing to do with kicking, or even feet. American football is actually a game with primary focus on throwing, catching carrying the ball with the hands. In the world of sports, the biggest culture shock when you cross over the pond is the sexual congress popularity of European football rather then that of American football. Football, the name given to two of these games, would never bring forth been called football if it werent for the early days when the sports first originated. American footbal l resulted from several major divergences from the European game of rugger in the late 1800s. This American game could just as easily expect been called American rugby, but because e real superstar elsewhere was calling it football, the name stuck. Besides, in those days, the game was more more kicking orientated.It was only when the forward pass was legalized and kicks were extra to those taken from behind the line of scrimmage that the feet began to play a less prominent role in the American game. Professional American football began in 1892. In 1920, the American Professional Association was formed, but changed its name to the National Football compact (NFL) two long time later. On the contrary, European football was born in England in 1863, when eleven private clubs and schools met at capital of the United Kingdoms Freemasons Tavern and agreed to come up with rules for a game that would discord from rugby, strictly by not permitting the use of the hands.This game of footba ll quickly spread from England to Scotland, Wales and Ireland, all of which had organise football associations in place by 1880. Even though they hold the kindred name, and began in the same era, people e precise(prenominal)where view American football and European football as two on the whole different sports. Both of these sports, individually being the most popular within their respective origin, attract millions of viewers all around the world. There atomic number 18 Europeans who love American football, and there ar Americans who are lose it hard European soccer fans.American and European football touch several similarities in the rules, terminology, strategy, and engagement of the game. But, they also have an even greater number of differences, including the usage of hands, number of fakers, scoring tactics, field size, game time and much more. To begin, the breakdown of the major football organizations is do completely different. The largest, and most popular fo otball organization in the United States is the National Football League, better known as the NFL. The NFL is then disconnected into two different conferences.They are the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conferences (NFC). Both the AFC and the NFC each currently contain 16 teams each. These 16 teams are then broken into smaller divisions, each with quartette teams the AFC/NFC East, North, South and West. The largest, and most popular football organization in England is the English Premier League. The Premier League is at the very top of the English football federation system of rules, and is the countrys primary football competition. Un wish the NFL, the Premier League does not have any smaller conferences within the league.The Premier league is simply made up of 20 different clubs. The Premier League operates on a system of promotion and relegation. This means that every year, the bottom 3 finishers are relegated from the Premier League, to the divis ion below, which is called the Championship. Those 3 teams are then replaced in the Premier League for the next season by 3 of the best teams from the Championship. A major difference between the two games is the usage of lard worn during the game. American football players are covered and protected in padding from head to toe. They wear everything from thigh pads, to chest pads to a big helmet on their head.However, European football players bodies are completely exposed. The only piece of padding they wear are shin guards to shield the lower area of their legs. Penalties, and how they are allocated during the games are also very different. In American football, a yellow flag is thrown onto the field by the referee when something has been fage wrong. This way, the whole team suffers from the penalty. In European football, the referee will hand out a series of colored cards to specific players when they do something wrong or offensive. In this manner, only the specific player suf fers.Both kinds of football players use their hands differently to improve performance. American football players are undeniable to carry the ball with their hands to maintain possession. European football players, except for the goalkeeper, are restricted from exploitation their hands to touch or carry the ball. European football players must rely on their feet to pass, dribble, or move the ball, whereas American football players are only allowed to use their feet during kickoffs, field goals and punts. Although, some(prenominal) American and European football have goal lines that indicate a successful offensive play, the scoring is different.In American football, when a team advances the ball across the goal line, the team is awarded six points, with the chance to add one or two extra points from an extra-point kick or two point conversion. European football teams, however, are only awarded one point for each goal. As a result of this, European football matches are generally lo wer scoring than football games. The game time of the two sports is differs greatly. American football is explode into four 15-minute quarters with a 2-minute intermission between the first and second quarters and third and twenty-five percent quarters.A 12-minute halftime is allowed between the second and third quarters. A separate play clock is then utilise to limit the offensive time to a maximum of 40 seconds between plays. On the contrary, the plays in European football are continuous. The matches include two 45-minute halves with a continuously running clock and a 15-minute halftime. Because European football is continuous, there are no TV timeouts. This is completely different from American football where they have several TV timeouts throughout the game, in which you are forced to see to see advertisements for McDonalds and Coors Light.From personal experience, I can honestly say that being a spectator at both games is very different. active in London, I was blessed with the opportunity, to attend a Milwall (Championship League) football game. The attendance at the match include an extremely high percentage of men. (Being a girl, I even felt out of place. ) Just like many sporting arenas, there were drunk people everywhere. But, I was surprised to find out that alcohol was not permitted in the actual stadium. I anticipate in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and attend Philadelphia Eagles game at least once a season.The Philadelphia Eagles are a NFL team, in the NFC East conference. Attending the Milwall game, and any Philadelphia Eagles game was very different. There are women everywhere at NFL games, and I never feel like I dont belong in the stadium. Alcohol is also permitted in the NFL stadiums, but at most stadiums, it is limited to purchasing 2 containers per persons over the age of 21. I also had the privilege of being in Ireland to dupe two of the biggest 7 Nations rugby games. On Saturday 16 March 2013, I was able to sit in a pub with some f ellow Irish friends, who live in Cork, and watch the games.First we watched the Italy vs Ireland game. It was stupefying to see how the Irish supported their team to the very end. Ireland had gone into the game with no chance of gentle the 7 Nations, but it was still a huge game for the fans, and they supported their team until the very end. The Wales vs England game followed the Ireland vs Italy game. One of my good friendss (that I was watching the match with) father used to play rugby for Wales. It was such an amazing experience watching the game in Ireland with him. Wales came out and beat England in the end. The pub went crazy and everyone was estatic.Living in America, it was so amusing to me to see how popular of a sport rugby is all over Europe, especially in Ireland and Wales. Although these two games of football include many differences in the shipway they are played, they do have share several similarities. American and European football are both team sports that requi re the collaboration of teammates to reach one super acid goal. The objective for American football is to bell ringer s touchdown, tour in European football, a teams goal is to progress the ball up the field together and put the ball into the opposing teams net.But, nonetheless, the objective for both games is to score the most points and win the game. Both American and European football are also very aggressive sports where players are ever at a risk of getting injured. Both sports also make two opposing squads of 11 players. While European football players from a single unit, American football players are assigned to offense, defense, or special teams, but even still there are always 11 players on each team on the field at one time. Although the two games share a common name, they are extremely different.The biggest difference being that European football players use their feet while American football focus on a the usage of myriad ways to advance the ball with their hands. O ther smaller differences that set the two games apart from each other include the scoring tactics, game time, padding worn and much more. But, regardless of all their differences, the two sports share a common objective. That common objective is the goal to score more points then the opposing team and win the game.Having the opportunity to live in London has made me much more attentive and interested in the game of European football.Works Cited BBC News. BBC, 06 June 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. Matthew Berry. 100 Facts You Should know. ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, 27 July 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. Premier League. Yahoo Eurosport UK. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. Statistics and Facts on the NFL Statista. Statista RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, n. d. Web. 26 Mar. 2013.

Science Investigatory Project Essay Example for Free

Science Investigatory Project EssayDissatisfaction and discouragement be not ca utilize by the absence of vision. Many things from a remote ar posteriornot be seen by the naked eye. opposed cameras, eyes dont commence the capacity to hyperbolise or zoom. In todays generation, many people call for the intent of binoculars provided not every mavin keister afford. Due to this problem, the researchers pertinacious to conduct this field of honor Improvised binoculars out of worn-out gadgets. To seek an alternative and affordable binoculars. opera glasses ar a pair of identical or mirror-symmetrical telescopes attach side-by-side and aligned to point accurately in the same direction, allowing the viewer to drop twain eyes when viewing far-flung objects. nigh atomic number 18 sur award to be held exploitation both hands, although sizes may vary from opera glasses to large pedestal mount military model un ilk a telescope, binoculars clear practice sessionrs a 3 dimensional anatomy for ne arer objects the dickens views, presented to severally of the viewers eyes from s empty-headedly different viewpoints, produce a merged view with an impression of depth. Modern binoculars consist of two barrel chambers with an butt lens, ocular and a optical prism inside. The prisms reflect and leng past the light while the documental lenses enhance and magnify anatomys due to stereoscopic vision. As telescopes were improved, binoculars evolved. Binoculars consist of an objective lens and eyepiece with two facing, right angle prisms ar targetd to reverse and correct two facing, right angle prisms arranged to invert and correct the orientation of the image. The applications of binoculars are vast, ranging from being apply in military operations to leisure time activities. A must for bird-watchers and hunters, binoculars are even used at light events by spectators who may be seated far from the action, thus using binoculars to get clearer and nest led views of the action. Many phaeton destinations around the world also harbour swivel-mounted binoculars to allow tourists to get break dance views of distant objects. In professional situations, militaries use binoculars for day-by-day operations. Binoculars are essential for them as with the binoculars, the military force out would be able to spot enemies at a distant and take the necessary action. Not exclusively that, they can also safeguard their soil and prevent and intruders from access in. Their use, together with sophisticated 21st carbon technology do works the military much more efficient than it previously was.Statement of the ProblemThe main goal of the study is top produce a wide-eyed extempore binocular. The researchers aim to answer the following questions a. What are the methods to be used in constructing simple prism binoculars? b. Are binoculars a advanced magnifier?c. Compare the impromptu prism binocular with commercial binoculars. Hypotheses* Nu ll Hypotheses (Ho) in that location is no significant loss betwixt the images magnified on the improvised prism binoculars and that on the commercial binoculars. * Alternative Hypotheses (Ha)T here(predicate) is a significant difference between the images magnified on the improvised prism binoculars and that on the commercial binoculars. Significance of the StudyBinoculars are a handheld visual instrument constitute of two telescopes and a focusing device, and usually having a prism to increase magnifying ability. Binoculars are used to view distant objects using both eyes. The applications of binoculars are vast, ranging from being used in military operations to leisure activities. A must for bird-watchers and hunters, binoculars are even used at sporting events by spectators who may be seated far from the action, thus using binoculars to get clearer and closer views of the action. Many tourist destinations around the world also have swivel-mounted binoculars to allow tourists to get better views of distant objects. An sheath can be the Grand Canyon, where tourists would not be able to see far away objects, thus these binoculars have been installed for the convenience of the tourists. In professional situations, militaries use binoculars for day-to-day operations. Binoculars are essential for them as with the binoculars, the military personnel would be able to spot enemies at a distant and take the necessary action. Not only that, they can also safeguard their territory and prevent and intruders from coming in. This leave behind give the researchers an idea of making improvised prism binoculars. Some dispense cans, lenses from worn-out gadgets and caps of plastic bottles as waste and there is nothing to do with them. But these materials can be agood raw material that has the potential in making improvised binoculars, which will admirer to see distant objects, instead of buying those expensive binoculars. This is the reason why the researchers will ma nufacture an improvised prism binocular. Scope and DelimitationThis study will only focus on making improvised prism binoculars from gadgets that are no immenseer in use or worn out. This study will show the steps and the procedures to make simple prism binoculars and show the comparison between the said binoculars and the commercial ones. II.A. Review of cerebrate LiteratureHistory of binocularsAl more or less from the introduction of the telescope in 17th century the advantages of mounting two of them side by side for binocular vision seems to have been explored. Most early binoculars used Galilean optics that is, they used a bell-shaped objective and a concave eyepiece lens. The Galilean design has the advantage of presenting an erect image but has a narrow field of view and is not capable of very high magnification. This type of social structure is still used in very cheap models in and in opera glasses or theater glasses. The Galilean design is also used in low magnificati on binocular working(a) and jewelers loupes because they can be very short and produce an upright image without extra or unordinary raise optics, reducing expense and everywhereall weight. They also have large exit pupils making centering less(prenominal) critical and the narrow field of view works well in those applications these are typically mounted on an eye-to-eye glass frame or custom-fit onto eye glasses. An improved image and higher magnification can be achieved in binoculars employing keplerian optics, where the image formed by the objective lens is viewed done a positive eyepiece lens (ocular). This configuration has the disadvantage that the image is inverted. Porro prism binoculars are named subsequently Italian optician Ignazio Porro who patented this image erecting system in 1854 and later refined by makers like the Carl Zeiss Company in the 1890s.Binoculars of this type use a porro prism in a double prism Z-shaped configuration to erect the image. This feature re sults in binoculars that are wide, with objective lenses that are well separated but pip launch from the eyepieces. Porro prism designs have the added benefit of folding the optical row so that the physical length of the binoculars is less than the focal length of the objective and wider spatial arrangement of the objectives give a better sensation of depth. Thus, the size of the binoculars is reduced. Binoculars using roof prisms may have appeared as early as the 1870s in a design by Achille Victor Emile daubresse. Most roof prism binoculars use either the Abbe-Koenig prism (named after Ernst Karl Abbe and Albert Koenig and patented by Carl Zeiss in 1905) or Schmidt-Pechan prism (invented in 1899) designs to erect the image and fold the optical path. They have objective lenses that are approximately in line with the eyepieces. Binoculars tend to come in two main styles, the ceiling Prism and the Porro Prism design, both have their unique advantages and disadvantages over each f ormer(a) and so frequently it will be fell to your specific needs and preferences as to which you should choose. Roof Prism Binoculars one of the two main styles of binoculars is the Roof Prism (the other being Porro Prism), this refers to the type of prism used in their construction. In this design the prisms are aligned with each other in a heterosexual line, and thus they tend to be sleeker and more compact binoculars than the Porro prism design. You can easily get a line a roof prism binocular as the eyepieces and the large objective lenses line up with each other. Roof Prism BinocularsAdvantages* Compact Design* little internal parts than porro prism design, so less to go legal injury and easier to make dust and waterproof. Disadvantages* The image graphic symbol of roof-prism binoculars can meet slightly because of the aligned prisms, although the top models of the roof-prism and porro-prism binoculars are now ecumenicly considered to have equal optical quality. To be genuinely good, roof prism binoculars have to be in the high hurt range. Do not attempt to economize on roof prism binoculars. * Good for Ideal general use binoculars that can be used for bird-watching, wildlife viewing and at sporting events. Porro Prism BinocularsIt is easy to identify a Porro Prism binocular because the eyepieces and the objective lenses are offset from each other (objective lens is not in line with the ocular lens), this is because of the design of the prism (porro)used in its construction. Advantages Porro prisms have objective lenses spaced wider than roof prisms, and so can produce a slightly better stereoscopic image than the roof prism design. Cheaper to make quality porro prisms than roof prisms so they tend to be cheaper to buy. Disadvantages Less compact design than roof prism binoculars More moving parts, more to go wrong and harder to make fully water and dust proof. Good For Like the roof prisms, porro prism binoculars make perfect general use optic s ideal for things like bird-watching, wildlife viewing and at sporting events.Review of Related StudiesCreating BinocularsThe prismatic telescope is an astronomical telescope plus a pair of prisms for erecting the image. The most common example of this type of construction is the binocular instrument. One half of a binocular is a monocular. Some telescopes are used for a specific purpose and are named accordingly. A typical example is a spotting scope, which is used to view the target in rifle shooting. Prisms Prisms are polished, angular pieces of glass, the harming commonly used in telescopes being 45-45-90-deg. prisms. The long side is the face, while the two short sides are the reflecting surfaces. The size of the prism is the width of the face Made specifically for telescopes, the prisms are grooved across the face in order to make a definite dividing line and avoid ghost images which would be caused by overlapping rays at this point. The ends are usually rounded to conserve space. The prime advantage of the prism erecting system is compactness. It adds somewhat to the bulk of the instrument but shortens the length considerably. The prism glass has an elusive quality of brilliance but actually the light loss through with(predicate) the two prisms is somewhat greater than through the two erecting lenses of a lens erecting system. The 23X prismatic spotting scopeThis design calls for a 20-in. focal length objective, which, with a 22-mm. focal length eyepiece (from Army 6X), gives 23- diam magnification.Prisms are 1-in. face. The scope embody is of wood construction in simple box form. The prototypical prism, the one the light strikes first, is located in an upright position at the back of the box the second prism is mounted flat on the box bottom. Plywood spacers hold the prisms in place and also provide for the passage of the cone shape of light admitted by the objective. The eyepiece is fitted in a threaded mount. This type of focusing is satisfacto ry at set distances but is much too slow for general use. If you want this scope for general observation, it should be fitted with loop focusing like the 10X monocular to be described later. It would also be practical to focus with a simple draw tube system. The principal point of the construction is to get the various holes lined up square. lend oneself prism center lines as a sharpen and locate all holes from one master conventionalism haggard on cardboard Base on which the floor flange is mounted pivots on a carriage bolt and is tilted by means of a tilting screw. Designing- prismatic telescopesDesigning your own prismatic telescopes follows much the same procedure as used for astronomical and terrestrials. Primary consideration should be disposed the objective and eyepiece. The prisms contribute nothing to the magnification therefore, the power you want must be obtained entirely by the ratio of FO to FE. Prisms should be of such a size or so located as to receive the full cone of light from the objective, although it is practical to sacrifice extreme edge rays. The layout (at top of drawing) is what you make to catch the size and location of prisms and also the general overall dimensions. In this example, the objective has a 52-mm. diameter by 193-mm. focal length (from Navy 7X binocular) and the prisms are 1-in. face (from Navy 7X). As used by the Navy, this glass has a 27-mm. eyepiece, which gives a magnification of 7 diameters. If you want higher magnification, you have to use a shorter focus eyepiece. The Army 6X binocular eyepiece, 22 mm, could be used and would give you 9X. The eyepiece shown uses an Army binocular eye lens, but a shorter focus field lens, the combination giving 20-mm. focus, hence, about 10X magnification. The preliminary tally should determine the exit pupil and luminosity. This glass has excellent glimmer at 92 part. However, Dont get the idea that the 13 percent rating of the 23X spotting scope is hopeless13 percent is a good value for anything over 20X magnification. It is worth mentioning here that prisminstruments are often rated for illumination on the basis of the exit pupil squared. Thus, if the scope has a 5-mm. exit pupil, it would be rated 25. Using this calculation, the deoxycytidine monophosphate percent standard would be the normal size of the eye pupil, squared 25 for daylight and 49 for night. Bench setupSet up the objective and focus on well-lighted copy or a bare light bulb, not less than 20 ft. from lens. Use tracing or cover paper as a ground glass to pick up the image as in Fig. 49. Measure the distance from the rear side of the objective to the image bland. Start your layout and transfer this dimension to the layout. Next, put the two prisms face to face and move the assembly back and forth until you pick up a sharp image of the copy or light bulb. Measure the distance to the face of the first prism and set off this distance on your layout, now you will note that the distanc e the light spark offs through a 1-in. prism is 2 in., a total oX 4 in. for both prisms. Set off this distance, C, on your layout to establish the back image plane. Determine the image size. In this instance, the multiplying factor is .070, and this figure calculate by the focal length of the lens (7% in.) gives .53 in. for the image size.Call this Ha in. for an even figure and filth the image size at the normal image plane and again at the back image plane, as indicated by L. Draw lines K and M toying the marginal rays and the full cone of light. Your prisms must bewitch the marginal rays K and also as much of the weaker edge rays as possible. The best way to determine prism-transcription is to make -two 1 by 2-in. oblongs of cardboard or celluloid. Manipulate these over your layout. The previous edge of the first oblong represents the face of the first prism. You can tell at a glance how far forward you can push it and still pick up the marginal rays. The distance between th e two oblongs is the spacing between the prisms. The distance between the back edge of the second oblong and the back image plane must be sufficient to permit focusing. What you finally arrive at in this case is D, %s-in. gross profit margin for the distance the image plane will set inside the eyepiece tube E, % in. for focusing travel F, %-in. prism spacing G, 2 in., the distance through the second prism H, %-in. prism spacing again, coming back I, 2 in. for the first prism, arriving at J,-the face of the first prism. This may sound complicated, but it is really very simple if you are actually on the job. If desired, you can now draw an outline of the prisms. This shows both prisms flat the same way you examination them in the bench setup. At this point J, it will be noted that the face of the prism catches all of the marginal rays and about halfway out to the lines representing the full cone of light. As mentioned before, it is practical to sacrifice some or all of the weak edge rays, so that this placement of the first prism face is quite satisfactory. What next? Well, you know that the maximum cone of light you can catch on the first prism is 1 in. in diameter at J, so lines drawn from here to image size at the back image plane will establish guide lines for hole diameters needed to pass this same cone of light back to the image plane. These lines are tag N in the drawing, and O, for example, shows the diameter of the hole at the back face of the second prism. If you want to use one or more glare stops ahead of the prisms, the hole diameters are determined in the same way, as at P. Monocular constructionYou will need two wood blocks exactly 1 in. thick to house the prisms. The Vs-ia spacing between prisms is taken up by a spacer of %-in. plywood, and similar plywood pieces are used at the back and front of the housing. The whole thing is glued up like a triple Decker sandwich, the prisms being held securely in the cutouts and between the various layers . Work carefully to prism center lines. Be sure that prisms are exactly at right angles since any rotation here will rotate your image twice as much. Prisms must be spotlessly clean and polished. The eyepiece tube is 1 in. in diameter, this size permitting it to work alongside No. 1 prism focalization is by means of a spiral groove cut half way across the eyepiece. Shows the monocular part assembled and also shows how the turning which joins the main tube to the prism housing is cut away to fit over the second prism covered with a gray pebble-grain oilcloth. General notesCut the main tube long when making any prism telescope. Check the final position of the objective by actually using the instrument run the eyepiece in as far as it will go and then place the objective so that distant objects are in focus. Then the full focusing range is available e for picking up nearer objects. The 23X spotting scope will focus down to about 40 ft. the 10X monocular to about 30 ft. or even 20 if you want to make it that way. Ifyou use spiral focusing, it is necessary to know in advance how much you will need for focusing. This travel will be very short with a short focus lens, but much longer with a long focus objective. Allow % in. for lenses less than 10-in. focus % in., up to 14-in. focus 1% in. at 18 and 1% in. at 20. These allowances will let you focus down to 30 or 40 ft. in all cases, -possibly closer. When you make a bench setup at close range , remember that this represents the maximum extension of your telescope. If you make a bench setup by focusing on a distant object (this is advisable if you are using an objective of over 20-in. focal length) the setup will represent the telescope at its shortest draw. The Kellne r type of eyepiece gives best results with all prismatic instruments. The objective should perpetually be a cemented achromat. If the lens is not cemented l M when you get it, you can dummy test it by cementing with glycerin. Final cementing should b e done with Canadian balsam in a pinch you can use a good grade of water white (clear) lacquer. The diameter of the objective controls the luminosity of the telescope. The diameter of the objective does not control the field of view except in the Galilean instrument, you can see fitting as much through, a small objective as a large one.